What is the primary function of the stratum corneum?

The primary function of the stratum corneum is to provide a protective barrier for the underlying layers of the skin. This outermost layer is comprised of dead skin cells that have become keratinized, which enhances its ability to guard against various forms of mechanical injury, including cuts, abrasions, and external environmental factors such as pathogens or chemicals. The thick, resilient structure of the stratum corneum effectively reduces the risk of damage to more sensitive layers of skin beneath it.

While regulation of moisture is also essential for skin health, the stratum corneum primarily serves to protect rather than regulate. Additionally, the absorption of nutrients is not a primary role of this skin layer, as it is mostly impermeable to prevent water loss and block harmful substances. Production of new skin cells occurs in the deeper layers of the epidermis, specifically in the stratum basale, rather than within the stratum corneum itself. Therefore, understanding the pivotal role of the stratum corneum as a shield is crucial for comprehending skin physiology and its responses to external stimuli.